Anticoagulants, antiplatelets and thrombolytics

Anticoagulants, antiplatelets and thrombolytics

DOCTOR-DOCTOR

-                                                                        -   Zaid

Q1.Mr Tanay   is showing internal bleeding due to administration of warfarin, which other condition or conditions he suffers from that lead to this?

A.      Obstructive jaundice

B.      Undergoing treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics

C.      Hypothyroidism

D.      Both a and b

Answer- warfarin is a vitamin k analogue, If the absorption of vitamin k is hampered then the action of vitamin k analogue that is warfarin will be increased, as most warfarin will get bound due to lack of vitamin k at binding site.  vitamin k is a fat soluble vitamin, thus in obstructive jaundice its  absorption will be hampered thanks to no bile for its emulsification. similarly most broad spectrum antibiotics kill useful bacteria too that help in vitamin k absorption. warfarin action is increased in case of hyperthyroidism not hypothyroidism thus answer is D

Q2. Mrs.  Neha is pregnant (3^rd trimester) she is also needs anticoagulants for prevention of myocardial infarction. Which of the following should be prescribed?

A.      Aspirin

B.      Low molecular weight heparin

C.      Warfarin

D.      dicumerol

Answer- aspirin causes blockage of ductus arteriosus of fetus , warfarin and dicumerol  is teratogenic, but   Low molecular weight heparin can be used as its not polar and cant harm fetus thus 
 answer is B

Q3. The activated prothrombin time of Mr suresh was found to be elevated greatly. Which of the following lead to this?

A.      warfarin overdose

B.      heparin overdose

C.      heamophilia A nad B

D.      both b and c could lead to the problem

Answer- prothrombin time is a measure of extrinsic pathway of coagulation. elevated  prothrombin time indicates warfarin overdose.answer A

Q4.  During performing the prothrimbin time (Pt) and partial thromboplastin time(PTT) of Mr Ajay the laboratory guy forgot to add citrate (or any other chelating agent). What could be the change in result obtained?

A.      Decreased Pt and ptt

B.      Increased Pt and ptt

C.      Increased pt but decreased ptt

D.      Doesn’t matter

Answer- cheleating agents form complex with calcium preventing coagulation to obtain accurate coagulation time. if chelating agent not added then ptt and pt will be reduced. answer A

Q5. Kalpesh is heartbroken because he failed in his exams. In the washroom he was found coughing up blood. His friends took him immediately to the doctor. They also found rat poison bottle beside him which was empty. What possibly should the doctor do ?

A.      Administer protamine sulphate

B.      Administer vit K in excess

C.      Administer activated plasma

D.      Administer aminocaproic acid

Answer- rat poison contains warfarin hence vitamin k can be given. protamine sulphate is used in case of warfarin overdose. aminocaproic acid is used in streptokinase overdose. but activated plasma should be given as vitmin k action is slow hence Ans C

Essentials of pharmacology

Pharmacology essentials

Q1. To prevent drug toxicity after overdose what is used?

A.  Syrup of ipecac                                                                                C. silica

B.  Activated charcoal                                                                          D. both a and b

Q.2 Drug A is more lipid soluble and acidic than drug B which of the following is TRUE for their absorption into the glomerular filtrate?

A. Greater absorption of drug A than drug B                             C. both are absorbed equally

B. lesser absorption of drug A than drug B                                 D. none of these

Q3. The action of antagonist is

A.  Opposite to that of agonist                                                        C. No action

B.  Similar to action of agonist                                                          D. same as inverse agonist

Q4. Functional antagonist is

A.  Act on same receptor                                                                   C. both a and b

B. Act on different receptors                                                           D. there is nothing called functional                                 

                                                                                                                           Antagonist

Q5.Binding site for G protein coupled receptors is

A. outer side of membrane                                                              C. In between alpha helix

B. inner side of membrane                                                               D. both a and c

Q6. Sildenafil (Viagra)

A. phosphodiesterase inhibitor                                                      C. cause vasoconstriction

B. prolongs action of c GMP                                                             D. both a and b

Q7.Nicotinic, GABA receptors are example of

A. Enzyme linked receptors                                                              C. Intracellular receptors

B. G protein receptors                                                                        D. ligand gated receptors

Q8.Match the following

1. Chloramphenicol    a. Blue baby syndrome

2. Nimesulide                 b. liver toxicity

3. Aspirin                          c. grey baby syndrome

                                            d. Reye’s syndrome

A. 1-a,2-b,3-c                                                                                          C. 1-c,2-d,3-a

B.1-c.2b,3-d                                                                                             D. 1-a, 2-b,3-c

Q.9 Olfactory receptors, chemokine receptors, inflammation mediators, Opsin protein are

A. enzyme linked receptors                                                             C. Intracellular receptors

B. G protein receptors                                                                        D. ligand gated receptors

Q. 10. Tetracycline is not taken with

A. sugar water                                                                                        C. alluminium hydroxide antacid

B. milk                                                                                                        D. both b and c

Q11. Intraosseous route of administration is

A. bone                                                                                                     C.plasma

B. CSF                                                                                                         D.none of these

Q12. Epinephrine is given with lidocaine(anesthetic) because-

A. acts as vasoconstrictor acting leading to local effect         C. for better stability

B. for general effect                                                                            D.for slow drug release

Q13. Hyluronidase

A. increases the absorption rate of parenteral fluids given subcutaneously          

B.  is used in antiaging creams

C. ophthalmic surgery, in combination with local anesthetics

D. both a and c

Q14. People with liver diseases will show

A.      Quick drug action and low distribution of drug

B.      Slow drug action and high distribution of drug

C.      Quick action and high distribution of drug

D.      Slow drug and low distribution of drug

Q15. Administration of drug along with food  leads to

A.      Slow action of drug

B.      Quick action of drugs

C.      Slow or quick action depending on drug interaction

D.      Makes no difference

Q16. Which of the following route doesnot involve use of needle

A.      Intravenous

B.      Intrathecal

C.      Sialistic implants

D.      Dermojets

Q17. Nicotine patches is taken transdermally 

A.      For smoking cession

B.      Looks cool

C.      For people who don’t like to smoke

D.      None of these

Q18. Aspirin and naproxen are  absorbed from the stomatch because

A.      Because they are weakly  basic drugs and they dissociate to greater extent

B.      Because they are weakly acidic drugs and they dissociate to greater extent

C.      Because they are weakly acidic drugs and they don’t  dissociate to greater extent

D.      Both a  and b

Q19. To overcome phenobarbital(weak acid)  overdose the urine should be made

A.      Strongly Acidic

B.      Strongly  Basic

C.      Weakly basic

D.      Weakly acidic

  

Q20.  Drug at high concerteration shows

A.      First order kinetics

B.      Second order kinetics

C.      Zero order kinetics

D.      Third order kinetics

 

 Carbohydarate metabolism test -1



Q 1.  2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate binds with greater affinity to -

A.      Deoxygenated hemoglobin                      C.  both with similar affinity

        B.  Oxygenated hemoglobin                          D. none of the above

answer-  A
 2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate binds with greater affinity to Deoxygenated hemoglobin. it is formed through rapoport luebering pathway.

Q 2.  Hexokinase ….

A. has lesser substrate affinity than glucokinase                C.   Present in liver

B. Can phosphorylate fructose                                    D. both a and b

answer-B
hexokinase is present in almost all cells of body which can phosphorylate hexose sugars. It has greater substrate affinity than glucokinase. glucokinase is present in liver
 

Q3.  Glucokinase and hexokinase are isozymes. They have similar function. Are they coded by the same gene?

A.      Yes                                                                      C.  coded by different alleles  of the same gene

B.      No                                                                  D. none of the above

Q3.  Why is Hmp shunt (PPP pathway) dominant in cornea and erythrocytes?

A.    no particular reason                                            C.  Increased rate of glycolysis

B. because of being directly exposed to                D. in cornea because it’s avascular and in RBC because  

 Oxygen thus generating free radicals                          of lack of mitochondria

Q4. Hmp pathway occurs in

A.      Mitochondrion                                               C. nucleus

B.     Cytosol                                                                D. All of these

Q5. What is added to blood for accurate measurement of blood glucose level?

A. sodium                                                                         C. magnesium

B . Fluoride                                                                 D. potassium

Q6. People with defect in glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (HMP pathway) are immune to?

A.      typhoid                                                             C. Malaria

B. Diabetes                                                                  D. TB

Q7. Glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase affects mostly?

A.      Males                                                                 C.  Never affects males

B. Females                                                                                  D. Never affects females

Q8.  The ratio of NAD/NADH is higher in

A.      Cytosol                                                              C.  same everywhere

B. Mitochondria                                                         D. differs with cell types

Q9. How many ATP would be gained if all dihydroxy acetone phosphate is used for fatty acid synthesis glycolysis?

A.      0 ATP                                                                  C.  2 ATP

B.      4   ATP                                                                               D. 6 ATP

Q 10.Which pathway is important in synthesis of genetic material?

 A. glycolysis                                                                    C. Krebs cycle

B. gluconeogenesis                                                   D. HMP pathway

                                                                                            

Q11. Why large doses of alcohol lead to hypoglycemia?

A.     decreased NAD+ concentration                    C.  Increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate

B. increased NAD+ concentration                          D.  both a and b

Q12. Why gluconeogenesis does not take place in the brain, adipose tissue and muscles?

A.      They need continuous supply of glucose and hence can’t wait for gluconeogenesis

B.      Gluconeogenesis requires a lot of energy for glucose manufacture

C.      They don’t have enzyme glucose 6- phosphatase

D.       Still a matter of ongoing research

Q13. Increased lactate dehydrogenase indicates?

A.      Myocardial  infarction

B.      Cancer (lymphoma)

C.      Liver disease

D.      All of the above

Q14. The action of amylase (salivary and pancreatic) is

A.      Same to that of  glycogen phosphorylase

B.      Acts on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds

C.      Its involved in gluconeogenesis

D.      Its acts on α-1,6-glycosidic bonds

Q15. Glycogenin is

A.      Only an enzyme

B.      Acts as the primer, to which further glucose monomers may be added.

C.      Enzyme is UTP glucose phosphorylase

D.      Both b and c

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KYUNKI.....................

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